what are the health issues in pakistan

what are the health issues in pakistan.

 Pakistan Health Care Delivery System

Pakistan has a mixed health system that includes public, semi-governmental and private agencies, civil society, charitable agencies and donors. In Pakistan, the provision of health services to consumers is organized through four modes of preventive, promotional, curative and rehabilitative services. The private sector serves 70% of the population through a variety of health team members trained as traditional healers. Both vertical and horizontal HCDS are found in Pakistan. Figure 1. Summarizes the main strength of Pakistani HCDS is the expansion of primary health care services provided at the community level by female health workers (LHW), women health visitors (LHV) and community midwives (CMW). . Which won the success and confidence of the communities. In Pakistan, these LHVs, LHWs and CMWs are attached to government facilities, from which they receive training and serve the community at the doorstep to achieve desired health outcomes. In addition, in Pakistan, as per the amendment of Article 18, health care services are the duties of the Interim Government, except for the Federal District. The public health service delivery system operates through a three-tiered approach: primary, secondary and tertiary.

Key Health Issue and Indicators

In Pakistan since 2000, there has been a marked improvement in some health indicators mainly as a result of public and private programs and contributions of NGOs. Despite this, the health situation in Pakistan is evidenced by the high population growth rate, high infant and maternal mortality rates, and the double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. However, the country is going through major social, environmental and economic changes. Nechter paper stated that basic nutritional needs and health are problems for people, as malnutrition is worse in rural areas of Sindh and Balochistan where 20-30% of children suffer from mental retardation, and high infant mortality rate is a consequence of malnutrition. Diarrhea and pneumonia. In addition, about 40% of deliveries are attended by trained midwives, and a high maternal mortality rate is associated with high fertility, low-skilled birth care, malnutrition, and inadequate access to emergency obstetric care services. Key demographic and health indicators for both countries are summarized in Table 1. Despite its challenging conditions, Bangladesh has proven to be remarkably resilient and has made great strides in human development, with impressive gains in health outcomes, especially maternal and child health and child health. Population growth has slowed dramatically over the past 30 years, falling from 2.7 percent annually in the 1980s to about 1.3 percent in 2010.

Objectives and expectations

Goals and Expectation

Since the time of independence, HCDS in Pakistan has undergone major reforms that started its journey from the national health policy, primary health care services, tuberculosis control and immunization programme. Regardless of the goals and expectations set, the health system in Pakistan has shown unsatisfactory progress and has failed to achieve its goals. Results. Moreover, Pakistan has failed to achieve the “Health for All” goals contained in the Alma-Ata Declaration and has failed to achieve the 2015 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Pakistan is currently aiming to achieve the 2025 Sustainable Development Goals. Moreover, Pakistan has also decided on the goals of Sustainable Development for 2025. Health Vision 2016-25 to improve the health of all populations, particularly women and children, through universal access to high-quality and affordable basic health services, and delivered through a resilient and responsive health system. On the other hand, Bangladesh has overtaken many neighboring countries in South Asia as well as other developing countries in terms of progress in achieving health-related Millennium Development Goals. Similarly, Bangladesh also made significant progress towards the twin goals of eradicating poverty and boosting shared prosperity in 2007. In addition, Bangladesh has been able to achieve near-universal immunization coverage and reduce child and maternal mortality. Recently, Bangladesh developed a five-year National Strategic Investment Plan (SIP) to improve population health, reform institutions and improve performance. However, poor access to services, low quality of care, high mortality rate and poor health status of children remain challenges for the health sector in Bangladesh.

Leadership and Governance

HCDS in Pakistan is mixed and indicates the presence of multiple actors playing different roles and functions. Health services in Pakistan are currently a major obligation and a constitutionally territorial matter, with the exception of areas administered by the federal government. Traditionally, the provision of health services is jointly managed by the federal and provincial governments, with districts having the primary responsibility for implementation. The Department of National Regulations and Services currently plays a key role in formulating policies, strategies, vision and planning. Enforcement of policies and laws is the responsibility of the interim and local governments. While the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) in Bangladesh is the official body, little power is delegated to local levels compared to Pakistan. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is not only responsible for setting comprehensive policies and regulations, but also for providing comprehensive health services, funding, and health workers. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has Directorates General, Health Services (DGHS) and Family Planning (DGFP) that operate the dual system of public health and family planning throughout the country. In addition, the Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives plays its role and manages the provision of primary care services in urban areas.  

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